Russian Empire

Country

The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union. It was one of the largest empires in world history, surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongolian empires: at one point in 1866, it stretched from ...

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Documents about Russian Empire

Monday 8th January 1940

Analysis of German Propaganda, December 1-15, 1939.

extract Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax presents an analysis of the main themes in Nazi propaganda at the beginning of December
person E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
place South Africa
place Great Britain
place Finland
place Slovakia
place Russian Empire
place Egypt
place Iraq
place Europe
place Syria
organisation Labour Party (UK)
 

Meeting minutes

extract PM meets with junior ministers. Warns Britons “must take the war more seriously” and response to Scandinavian situation
person Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd
person Joseph Stalin
person Andrew Duncan
person John Reith, 1st Baron Reith
place Finland
place Russian Empire
organisation Foreign and Commonwealth Office
 

Meeting minutes

extract Secret Annexe: Vatican passes on peace plan from German officers. PM opposes suggestion by Churchill of invasion of Sweden
person E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
person Adolf Hitler
place Great Britain
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Vatican City
place Oslo
place Stockholm
place Rome
place Czechoslovakia
organisation German Army
organisation Hopatcong High School
 

Meeting minutes

extract Cabinet discusses US plans to disrupt Axis trade, agrees volunteers to Finns. Japan protests seizure of vessel Asama Maru
person Anthony Eden
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Samuel Hoare
person Kingsley Wood
person Arthur Robinson (Australian politician)
person John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon
place Greece
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place West Germany
organisation New Zealand Treasury
 

Negotiations with Italy.

extract Lord Halifax reports on progress of negotiations with Italy. Hopes to stop German coal imports and buy arms and equipment
person E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
person Sydney Brenner
place Russian Empire
place Europe
place London, Ontario
 

Meeting minutes

extract PM Chamberlain meets junior ministers. Suggests Hitler plans “siege war”, says he “expects peace feelers to be put out”
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
place Lancaster, Lancashire
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Burma
place West Germany
organisation Hopatcong High School
 

Wednesday 7th February 1940

Meeting minutes

extract President Roosevelt sends Sumner Welles peace mission to European capitals
person Sumner Welles
person Adolf Hitler
place Great Britain
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Vatican City
place Europe
place Berlin
place Washington
 

Meeting minutes

extract Supreme War Council agrees to send 3 divisions to Finland. PM: “Finland must not be allowed to disappear off the map”
person Alexander Cadogan
person Stafford Cripps
person Sydney Brenner
person Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Trondheim
place East Germany
place Hungary
place Moscow
place Republic of China
place Rome
place West Germany
organisation New Zealand Treasury
 

Meeting minutes

extract Halifax to ministers: “hope of peace without a blood bath”, Stafford Cripps reports Soviets “uneasy” with Nazi alliance
person Stafford Cripps
person Adolf Hitler
person Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Halifax Peninsula
place Moscow
place Europe
place Bulgaria
place West Germany
place Iran
organisation Morning Star (UK newspaper)
organisation Labour Party (UK)
organisation Foreign Office (Germany)
 

Military Assistance to Finland.

extract Secret memo by MP Philip Noel Baker outlines in detail situation on Finnish-Russian front “and the prospects of peace”
person Joseph Stalin
place Great Britain
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Moscow
place Stockholm
place Denmark
 

The Employment of Allied Land Forces in Scandinavia and Finland.

extract Chiefs of Staff list planned forces to be landed at Narvik to seize Swedish iron ore fields and assist Finland
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Trondheim
place Stockholm
 

Meeting minutes

extract Finnish Government urges Allies to apply pressure on Russians to bring hostilities to an end. Cabinet doubtful
person Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Helsinki
place Stockholm
place West Germany
 

Meeting minutes

extract Secret Annexe: Russia informs UK of required terms for settlement with Finland. Halifax to urge dialogue
place Great Britain
place Murmansk
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Helsinki
place Iran
organisation Foreign Office (Germany)
organisation Minister of Economic Warfare
organisation French Foreign Legion
 

Meeting minutes

extract Secret Annexe: French attack on Norway rejected. Britain to offer full support to Finland and Sweden if they join Allies
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Stockholm
place West Germany
organisation German Army
 

Monday 4th March 1940

Meeting minutes

extract Halifax believes Finns have “no immediate intention of making terms” with USSR. Chamberlain predicts outcome in 24 hours
extract UK Ambassador Helsinki reports Finnish Foreign Minister “querulous not to say defeatist”. Repeats request for 100 bombers
extract Swedish government formally refuses to allow passage of Allied troops to assist Finland
person Alexander Cadogan
person Adolf Hitler
person Neville Chamberlain
person Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Narvik
place Berlin
place West Germany
organisation Hopatcong High School
 

Propaganda: Appreciation of Action taken and its Effect. Sixth report submitted by the Minister of Information covering the period January and February 1940.

extract Minister of Information Sir John Reith delivers a report on Britain's propaganda work in the year so far
person John Reith, 1st Baron Reith
place Great Britain
place Portugal
place Greece
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Hungary
place Paris
place Europe
place Kenya
place Bulgaria
place Denmark
place West Germany
 

Meeting minutes

extract Cabinet believes Mannerheim exaggerating situation on Russian front. Awaiting formal appeal before sending further aid
person Swedes (Germanic tribe)
person Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Paris
place Oslo
place Stockholm
 

Assistance to Finland.

extract Cabinet agrees to offer 50 more aircraft to Finnish government. Chiefs of Staff question the wisdom of further support
person Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
place Great Britain
place Finland
place Russian Empire
 

Military implications of hostilities with Russia in 1940.

extract Chiefs of Staff report on "military implications of hostilities with Russia in 1940"
place Great Britain
place Afghanistan
place Murmansk
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Egypt
place Iraq
place Narvik
place Turkey
place Basra
place Syria
place West Germany
place Iran
organisation Air Force F.C.
organisation Foreign Office (Germany)
organisation Minister of Economic Warfare
 

Meeting minutes

extract Cabinet discusses war with Russia. Air Chief: “Embarrassing diversions" not "vital blows”. No hastening of German defeat
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
place Heligoland
place Afghanistan
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Egypt
place Turkey
place Burma
place West Germany
place Iran
organisation Hopatcong High School
 

Meeting minutes

extract Approach to be made to Japanese government to limit trade with Germany and Russia. Military aid to Finland halted
place Great Britain
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Hong Kong
place Europe
place Tokyo
place Iran
organisation New Zealand Treasury
organisation Royal Air Force
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
organisation United States Department of State
organisation Minister of Economic Warfare
 

Analysis of German Propaganda, March 1 to 16, 1940.

extract Lord Halifax presents analysis of recent Nazi propaganda themes. British weakness up, brutality and lies down
person E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
person Adolf Hitler
person Winston Churchill
person Joachim von Ribbentrop
person John Reith, 1st Baron Reith
person Oliver Stanley
place Great Britain
place Finland
place Ankara
place Slovakia
place Russian Empire
place Caribbean
place Berlin
place Rome
organisation Ministry of Supply
 

The Grand Strategy of the Allies.

extract Easter break continues. Lord Hankey circulates his notes on the direction of Allied strategy: “continue static warfare”
person Sumner Welles
place Greece
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Gisborne, New Zealand
place Hungary
place Turkey
place Bulgaria
place West Germany
organisation Air Force F.C.
organisation Royal Marines
 

South-Eastern Europe.

extract Lord Halifax also warns against action in South-Eastern Europe that does not involve “overwhelming force”.
place Greece
place Russian Empire
place Halifax Peninsula
place Hungary
place Turkey
place Paris
place Europe
place Bulgaria
place West Germany
 

Certain Aspects of the Present Situation.

extract Defence Chiefs sum up current situation, warn against military "projects that offer little prospect of decisive success"
person Robert German
person Sydney Brenner
place Russian Empire
place Eyre Peninsula
place Turkey
place Europe
place Bulgaria
place West Germany
organisation Air Force F.C.
 

Meeting minutes

extract Chiefs of Staff: “very little we could do to prevent Holland being overrun”. Effect of air action would be “very limited”
extract PM Chamberlain keen on mining operation on Rhine and Norwegian waters. Cabinet agrees to urge this in Allied War Council
person Alexander Cadogan
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Harold Wilson
place Ankara
place Russian Empire
place Narvik
place Turkey
place Europe
place Rome
place West Germany
organisation Home Office
organisation New Zealand Treasury
organisation Air Force F.C.
organisation Foreign and Commonwealth Office
organisation 335th Fighter Squadron
 

Meeting minutes

extract Dutch Foreign Minister rejects discussions with UK government over arrangements to resist German invasion of Netherlands
extract USSR offers to reopen trade talks with UK. Ambassador Maisky denies military alliance with Germany
person Harold Wilson
person Neville Chamberlain
place Athens
place Ankara
place Russian Empire
place Iraq
place Turkey
place Rome
organisation Home Office
organisation New Zealand Treasury
organisation RAF Coastal Command
 

Tuesday 2nd April 1940

Meeting minutes

extract Cabinet complains to BBC that news reports are repeating German accounts of naval and air engagements as well as British
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Harold Wilson
person Robert Craigie (diplomat)
place Russian Empire
place Narvik
organisation Home Office
organisation New Zealand Treasury
organisation Foreign and Commonwealth Office
 

Meeting minutes

extract PM meets junior ministers. Offered Attlee coalition, again refused. Nazi war alliance would cause Mussolini's overthrow
person Samuel Hoare
person Kingsley Wood
person Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton
person Paul Reynaud
place Lancaster, Lancashire
place Russian Empire
place Iraq
place Turkey
place Iran
organisation Labour Party (UK)
 

Saturday 25th May 1940

British strategy in a certain eventuality.

extract Without “full economic and financial support” from USA. Chiefs of Staff cannot see “any chance of success” in war effort
extract Chiefs of Staff circulate UK strategy for next phase of conflict. Paper assumes defeat of France, failure to evacuate BEF
place Portugal
place Russian Empire
place Egypt
place Iraq
place Eyre Peninsula
place Singapore
place Turkey
place Malta
place Europe
place Gibraltar
place Alexandria
place Africa
place Libya
organisation Air Force F.C.
organisation Minister of Economic Warfare
organisation Scapa
organisation United States Army
 

Meeting minutes

extract King Leopold informs British government he is “determined to stay with his army” in Belgium
extract PM: Operation may be a great failure. Or our troops may "fight magnificently" and save considerable portion of the Force
extract PM anxious “orders for march to the coast should be issued as soon as possible”. Order from Reynaud to Weygand drafted
extract Halifax urges talks with Mussolini. Italy may be able to “persuade Herr Hitler to take a more reasonable attitude”
extract Reynaud: No peace terms yet but France “could get an offer if they wanted one”. Taking Paris “the dream of all Germans”
extract PM Reynaud tells War Cabinet France has 50 divisions to Germany’s 150. “Clear that the war could not be won on land”
person John Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby
person Maxime Weygand
person James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon
person Adolf Hitler
person Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes
place Great Britain
place Somaliland
place Russian Empire
place Paris
place Malta
place Europe
place Gibraltar
place Washington
place Northern Ireland
place Rome
organisation Foreign and Commonwealth Office
 

Monday 17th June 1940

Meeting minutes

extract Cabinet told French have ceased fire. Petain has broadcast that “with a broken heart” he requested Armistice last night
extract General Dill: UK must "take a leaf out of the Germans book", organise special squadrons of Storm Troopers. Cabinet agrees
extract Anthony Eden warns local defence volunteers "largely a broomstick army". Shortage of good officers in home defence forces
extract Halifax: “No information” on Soviet plan in Baltic. Clear extension of influence in Lithuania, similar designs on Estonia
extract Belgian Foreign Minister requests facilities for evacuation of 30-35,000 Belgian troops to UK. PM: We will “do our best”
extract Cabinet directs telegram permitting French to negotiate Armistice only in exchange for their fleet be resent to M. Petain
extract RAF ordered to evacuate from south of France. BEF now evacuating via Nantes and Cherbourg. 50,000 troops currently remain
person Anthony Eden
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Andrew Greenwood
person Ronnie Campbell
person Farouk of Egypt
place Great Britain
place Russian Empire
place Egypt
place Halifax Peninsula
place West Germany
organisation Royal Air Force
organisation German Army
organisation British Army
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
organisation Hopatcong High School
organisation House of Lords
organisation Parliament of the United Kingdom
 

Immediate measures required in the Far East.

extract Chiefs of Staff produce plan on strengthening Far East defences but admit "we cannot spare a fleet for the Far East"
person Robert German
person John Dill
person Chiang Kai-shek
place Russian Empire
place Hong Kong
place Singapore
place Thailand
place Africa
place Republic of China
place Iran
organisation Hopatcong High School
 

Meeting minutes

extract Cabinet approves evacuation of women and children from Hong Kong. War Secretary to look at UK recruitment in Far East
extract General Dill: Military operations in the Middle East confirm "reluctance of the Italians to fight"
person Walter Hines Page
person John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort
person Francisco Franco
person Adolf Hitler
place Great Britain
place Russian Empire
place Hong Kong
place Europe
place Gibraltar
place Portsmouth
organisation Home Office
organisation RAF Coastal Command
organisation Hopatcong High School
organisation Royal Navy
organisation French Navy
organisation French Foreign Legion
 

Meeting minutes

extract Lord Halifax reports Romania likely to accede to Russian demand to occupy territories of Bessarabia and Bukovina
person Walter Hines Page
person E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
person Miles Lampson, 1st Baron Killearn
place Great Britain
place Russian Empire
place Egypt
place Hong Kong
place Shanghai
place Syria
 

Tuesday 9th July 1940

Comments on the recent conversation between His Majesty's Ambassador at Moscow and M. Stalin.

extract Halifax circulates progress of Cripps negotiations with Marshall Stalin. “Soviet-German co-operation is to continue”
person Adolf Hitler
place Great Britain
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Iraq
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Europe
place Istanbul
 

German Oil Supplies. Fourth Report by Mr. Geoffrey Lloyd's Committee on the German Oil Position.

extract Petroleum Minister calls oil "very weak link" in German hegemony. Suggests bombing German, Italian, French refineries
person Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd
place Portugal
place Russian Empire
place Hungary
place Turkey
place Europe
place Albania
place Denmark
 

Meeting minutes

extract Halifax: “We delude ourselves” if we think Russia will “by proper treatment be made a warm friend of this country”
extract Halifax: Resuming relations with France unlikely in view of UK bombing, blockade, leaflet drops. Not of great importance
extract Lord Halifax speaking to junior ministers. Tells meeting “We might now be at the turning point of the war”
person Charles de Gaulle
person E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
person Adolf Hitler
person Farouk of Egypt
place Great Britain
place Lancaster, Lancashire
place Russian Empire
place Egypt
place Singapore
place Europe
place Burma
place West Germany
organisation Foreign Office (Germany)
organisation Foreign and Commonwealth Office
 

Monday 5th August 1940

The Far East. Appreciation by the Chiefs of Staff.

extract Chiefs of Staff report on likely events in Far East. Expect Japan first strike in Indo-China or Thailand then Singapore
place Russian Empire
place Fiji
place Hong Kong
place Singapore
place Shanghai
place Europe
place North China
place Thailand
place Republic of China
place Burma
 

The Munitions Situation.

extract Supply Minister warns UK armaments industry "a very small infant compared with the giant that threatens to attack it"
person Herbert Morrison
person Adolf Hitler
place Great Britain
place Russian Empire
place Birmingham
place North America
place Europe
place Africa
place Czechoslovakia
organisation Ministry of Supply
organisation German Army
organisation British Army
organisation United States Army
 

Wednesday 9th October 1940

Meeting minutes

extract PM: We should "take advantage" of any delay caused by a German "Eastward thrust" to develop our army in the Middle East
extract War Secretary Eden to make personal visit to Middle East. PM: Sure that such a visit will be of great value
person Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell
person Stafford Cripps
person Miles Lampson, 1st Baron Killearn
person Sydney Brenner
place Russian Empire
place Egypt
place Turkey
place Kenya
place Khartoum
place Syria
place Libya
 

Meeting minutes

extract PM Churchill: We are "straining every nerve" to counter night bombing. "The people of this country must stick it out."
extract Cabinet concerned civilians in London beginning to wonder if UK "hitting back hard enough at Germany" in bombing attacks
extract PM blocks moving more ships to protect NW Approaches. Intelligence German plans for invasion "still moving forward"
extract Admiralty: Sweep by HMS Ajax has sunk 3 Italian destroyers. Italian claims to have damaged one of our cruisers untrue
person Alexander Cadogan
person Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Herbert Morrison
person Stafford Cripps
person William Patrick Stuart-Houston
person Kingsley Wood
person Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso
person Andrew Duncan
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Cranborne
place Halifax Peninsula
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Gibraltar
place Berlin
place Northern Ireland
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation Home Office
organisation Royal Air Force
 

Saturday 16th November 1940

Reports for the Month of October 1940 for India, Burma and the Colonies, Protectorates and Mandated Territories.

extract India Secretary: New outbreak of civil disobedience in Hyderabad State. "Not clear" what Gandhi's next intention might be
person Charles de Gaulle
person William Patrick Stuart-Houston
place South Africa
place Great Britain
place Greece
place Somaliland
place Russian Empire
place Egypt
place Hong Kong
place Caribbean
place Singapore
place Jamaica
place Gibraltar
place Cyprus
place Syria
place Africa
place Burma
organisation Royal Air Force
organisation Indian National Congress
organisation Congress Working Committee
 

Saturday 14th December 1940

Assembly of aircraft for Chinese Government British Territory.

extract Halifax explores how UK may supply China with aircraft from India without breaching Hague Convention, Japanese neutrality
person Chiang Kai-shek
place Russian Empire
place Hong Kong
place Singapore
place Thailand
place Washington
place Republic of China
place Burma
organisation Foreign Office (Germany)
 

Tuesday 28th January 1941

Meeting minutes

extract Eden: Japan has sent an "unpleasant memorandum" over Dutch East Indies. Netherlands government will "play for time"
extract Eden: Balkans situation "disquieting", German divisions in Roumania rising to 20. Greece "frightened" to provoke Germany
extract Eden: Resistance in Eritrea less than expected. Possible we will be able to advance as far as Agordat and threaten Asmara
extract Eden meeting junior ministers. Says German morale remains good but "deteriorating" among troops in occupied territory
person Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell
person E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
place Greece
place Russian Empire
place Turkey
place Malta
place Ethiopia
place Eritrea
place Tripoli, Greece
place Bulgaria
place West Germany
organisation Foreign and Commonwealth Office
 

Monday 31st March 1941

Meeting minutes

extract Eden to warn Italy any attempt to scuttle ships at Massawa will result in UK ceasing food shipments to Eritrea, Abyssinia
extract President Roosevelt has sent details of first allotments under Lease and Lend Act. 180 'planes, 5,500 Oerlikon guns...
extract PM: Have telegraphed congratulations to Sir Andrew Cunningham and Sir Arthur Longmore on this fortunate and timely action
extract Admiralty: 3 enemy cruisers and 2 destroyers sunk and an Italian battleship torpedoed at Matapan. Our losses two aircraft
person Stafford Cripps
person Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
place Greece
place Russian Empire
place Cranborne
place Gibraltar
place Africa
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation Ministry of Supply
organisation United States Navy
organisation Foreign and Commonwealth Office
 

Friday 23rd May 1941

Lord Hankey's Committee on Preventing Oil from reaching Enemy Powers. Seventh Report.

extract Petroleum Secretary again urges heavy bombing attacks on German oil resources. "Impact of events" so far preventing these
person Geoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-Lloyd
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Iraq
place Europe
place Albania
place West Germany
organisation Air Force F.C.
organisation German Army
organisation Luftwaffe
organisation United States Navy
 

Monday 2nd June 1941

Meeting minutes

extract General Dill: 17,000 of our troops evacuated from Crete. Our losses 7-8,000, German losses considerably higher
extract Air Chief: Estimated 25% of German Air Force employed against Crete. Enemy might have lost 400 aircraft in the operations
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan
person Walter Hines Page
person William Patrick Stuart-Houston
person Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
place Greece
place Russian Empire
place Manchester
place Cranborne
place Iraq
place Cyprus
place Syria
place Dublin
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
place Iran
organisation Air Force F.C.
organisation Luftwaffe
organisation Foreign and Commonwealth Office
 

Meeting minutes

extract Stafford Cripps: Likely Germany intends to "deliver an ultimatum to Russia" when her military concentrations are complete
person Stafford Cripps
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Egypt
place Turkey
 

Meeting minutes

extract War Cabinet informed German concentration against Russia proceeding and "should be by now nearly complete"
extract General Dill: "No reason to be dissatisfied with the progress made" although a number of tanks put out of action by mines
extract General Dill: Attack in Western Desert underway. Enemy at Halfaya still resisting. Fort Capuzzo, Bir Waer in our hands
person Alexander Cadogan
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Herbert Morrison
place Portugal
place Russian Empire
place Cranborne
place Turkey
place Gibraltar
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation Home Office
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
 

Meeting minutes

extract PM: Germany should be represented as an insatiable tyrant that attacked Russia to obtain material for carrying on the war
extract Cabinet told "no change" in position between Russia and Germany. Question raised over publicity "line" if war broke out
person Herbert Morrison
place Russian Empire
place Cranborne
place Cairo
place Beirut
place Washington
place Syria
place Burma
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation Home Office
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
organisation United States Department of State
 

Meeting minutes

extract Eden: Soviets ready to receive British Military Mission, provided we accept they will "give help as well as receive it"
extract General Dill: No information received from Russo-German front. Russian concentrations appear to be too far forward
extract Cabinet approves daylight bombing of industrial targets in Northern France. Air Chief to consider if warning to be given
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Herbert Morrison
person Duff Cooper
person Ronnie Campbell
person Stafford Cripps
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Cranborne
place Moscow
place London, Ontario
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
organisation Parliament of the United Kingdom
organisation Morning Star (UK newspaper)
organisation Labour Party (UK)
 

Saturday 5th July 1941

The Middle East. Telegram from Field-Marshal Smuts.

extract Telegram from General Smuts: "Apart from small irritating set-backs, our cause has really improved very much this spring"
place South Africa
place Russian Empire
place Cairo
place Syria
place West Germany