Moscow

City

Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the most northern city on Earth to have a population above 10,000,000, the most populous city on the continent of Europe, and ...

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Documents about Moscow

Monday 8th January 1940

Meeting minutes

extract Churchill announces progress in tackling magnetic mines to Cabinet. 20 German staff in Moscow to assist against Finns
person Anthony Eden
person Samuel Hoare
person Winston Churchill
place Finland
place East Germany
place Moscow
 

Volunteers for Finland.

extract Cable from Lord Halifax to Paris shows government’s uncertainty over allowing British volunteers to fight in Finland
place Finland
place Moscow
place Paris
 

Wednesday 7th February 1940

Meeting minutes

extract Informal notes on recent meetings: London red balloon scare, jokes about Sir Stafford Cripps
person Stafford Cripps
person E. F. L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax
place Finland
place Moscow
 

Meeting minutes

extract Supreme War Council agrees to send 3 divisions to Finland. PM: “Finland must not be allowed to disappear off the map”
person Alexander Cadogan
person Stafford Cripps
person Sydney Brenner
person Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Trondheim
place East Germany
place Hungary
place Moscow
place Republic of China
place Rome
place West Germany
organisation New Zealand Treasury
 

Meeting minutes

extract Halifax to ministers: “hope of peace without a blood bath”, Stafford Cripps reports Soviets “uneasy” with Nazi alliance
person Stafford Cripps
person Adolf Hitler
person Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Halifax Peninsula
place Moscow
place Europe
place Bulgaria
place West Germany
place Iran
organisation Morning Star (UK newspaper)
organisation Labour Party (UK)
organisation Foreign Office (Germany)
 

Military Assistance to Finland.

extract Secret memo by MP Philip Noel Baker outlines in detail situation on Finnish-Russian front “and the prospects of peace”
person Joseph Stalin
place Great Britain
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Moscow
place Stockholm
place Denmark
 

Wednesday 6th March 1940

Meeting minutes

extract UK Ambassador Vatican passes on anxiety at Mussolini’s “increasingly pro-German course”
extract Cripps in Moscow says USSR wishes to improve relations with UK, does not want to be “too closely tied” to Germany
person Anthony Eden
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Stafford Cripps
person Samuel Hoare
person Maxime Weygand
person Kingsley Wood
person John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon
place Hamburg
place Finland
place East Germany
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Rome
organisation Home Office
organisation Air Force F.C.
organisation RAF Coastal Command
organisation Minister of Economic Warfare
 

Meeting minutes

extract Finnish delegation reportedly in Moscow for Soviet negotiations. Air Staff consider bombing raid on Russian positions
place Great Britain
place Finland
place Moscow
place Stockholm
organisation House of Lords
 

Meeting minutes

extract PM Chamberlain arranges question to be asked in House of Commons to publicly confirm UK commitment to Finland
person Alexander Cadogan
person William Lyon Mackenzie King
place Finland
place Moscow
place Narvik
place Stockholm
organisation Royal Air Force
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
organisation Labour Party (UK)
organisation Foreign and Commonwealth Office
 

Saturday 18th May 1940

Meeting minutes

extract Halifax announces signs “some arrangement” with USSR possible. Stafford Cripps to be sent to Moscow to explore agreement
extract Telegram from Ankara warns of secret Italian full mobilisation within 48 hours. Rumour Germans have crossed Brenner Pass
extract Japan has requested “economic advantages” from Dutch East Indies. Halifax to inform US of these “sinister” demands
extract Information Minister reports UK air attacks on Germany “being hushed up”. Suggests they are “not ready to retaliate”
extract PM: “On the whole” military situation in France “better”. RAF have “covered themselves with glory”
person Anthony Eden
person Alexander Cadogan
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Stafford Cripps
person Samuel Hoare
person Sydney Brenner
place Great Britain
place Ankara
place Egypt
place Brussels
place Madrid
place Iceland
place Moscow
place Cairo
place Madrid, New York
organisation KEF
 

Tuesday 18th June 1940

Meeting minutes

extract Cabinet Secretary: Cabinet members “consulted again individually” on de Gaulle broadcast. Now agree should be allowed
extract Cabinet adopts plan by Lord Halifax for return of Emperor to Abyssinia. UK to foment anti-Italian action in the country
extract Cabinet agrees de Gaulle should not broadcast as long it remains possible French government may act in Allied interests
extract General de Gaulle has submitted text of broadcast saying France not defeated and inviting French soldiers to rally to him
extract Stafford Cripps in Moscow warns he sees "no prospect of drawing the Soviet Union into a common front against Germany"
extract Navy Vice Chief: SS Lancastria sunk in Loire yesterday with 3,000 troops on board. Not yet possible to assess casualties
extract Evacuation continuing from Cherbourg, St Nazaire, St Malo, Brest. 42,502 personnel returned to UK
extract Chief of Air Staff has despatched aircraft to Bordeaux after Polish reports General Sikorski somewhere in France
person Anthony Eden
person Alexander Cadogan
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Charles de Gaulle
person Walter Hines Page
person Herbert Morrison
person Stafford Cripps
person Samuel Hoare
place East Germany
place Halifax Peninsula
place Moscow
place Narvik
place Malta
place Gibraltar
place Kenya
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation Air Force F.C.
organisation RAF Coastal Command
 

Tuesday 9th July 1940

Comments on the recent conversation between His Majesty's Ambassador at Moscow and M. Stalin.

extract Halifax circulates progress of Cripps negotiations with Marshall Stalin. “Soviet-German co-operation is to continue”
person Adolf Hitler
place Great Britain
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Iraq
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Europe
place Istanbul
 

Meeting minutes

extract Despite "some risk" Cabinet agrees to supply arms and equipment to Eire to protect the country against German invasion
extract France refusing to resume diplomatic contact with UK without "unacceptable" conditions being met. Halifax to consider
extract Overnight air attack on Dover shipping "most serious attack yet experienced". 5 UK vessels sunk, 26 enemy aircraft downed
person Anthony Eden
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Stafford Cripps
person Clement Attlee
place Lancaster, Lancashire
place Halifax Peninsula
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Europe
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation Home Office
organisation Royal Air Force
 

Meeting minutes

extract Intelligence from Geneva: Relations between Vichy ministers “very strained”, may lead to fall of government "at any time”
person Anthony Eden
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Andrew Greenwood
person Maxime Weygand
person Clement Attlee
person Robert Craigie (diplomat)
place Great Britain
place Belgrade
place Moscow
place Geneva
place Turkey
place Istanbul
place Tokyo
 

Thursday 1st August 1940

Meeting minutes

extract PM: UK "considerably more secure" than 2 months ago. Now possible to take a "less rigid attitude" to internment of aliens
extract 7 UK subjects still held in Tokyo. "A certain number of Japanese subjects" will be arrested without prior notice to Japan
extract Press reporting US ban on aviation fuel exports. Effect on UK imports, attitude of Japan "not clear"
extract Stafford Cripps in Moscow complains Foreign Minister Molotov will not meet him. Halifax to discuss with USSR Ambassador
extract First Sea Lord: Nothing has been heard of H.M. Submarine Narwhal for over a week. She must therefore be regarded as lost
extract PM "glad" at boost in UK supply of fighter aircraft. Air Secretary: Supply of pilots "still not altogether satisfactory"
person Anthony Eden
person Alexander Cadogan
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Andrew Greenwood
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Walter Citrine, 1st Baron Citrine
person Stafford Cripps
person Bob Kerslake
person Robert Craigie (diplomat)
person Leo Amery
place Afghanistan
place Moscow
place Singapore
place North China
place South America
place Tokyo
place Republic of China
place Burma
organisation Home Office
 

Meeting minutes

extract Halifax: Despite Foreign Minister's denials "good deal of evidence" Japan intends invasion of French Indo-China
extract Halifax: Japan tension has "certainly relaxed". Considering release of one or two Japanese, third party mediation
person Anthony Eden
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Andrew Greenwood
person Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Clement Attlee
person Robert Craigie (diplomat)
place Finland
place Moscow
place Gibraltar
place West Germany
organisation Home Office
 

Meeting minutes

extract Cabinet agrees to maintain blockade of Europe. PM: Talk of food shortages can be put to German "Guns, not Butter" policy
extract Halifax: Sir Stafford Cripps met M. Moltotov yesterday in Moscow. He does "not appear to be making very much progress"
extract War Cabinet congratulate Secretary of State for Air and the Chief of the Air Staff "on this fine achievement"
extract Air Chief: Air action yesterday "great success". 66 enemy losses. Loss of 18 RAF fighters. "Thought" 6 pilots saved
person Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Andrew Greenwood
person Stafford Cripps
person Adolf Hitler
person Clement Attlee
place Moscow
place Europe
 

Meeting minutes

extract PM: President Roosevelt hopes to begin supplying destroyers this week (up to 50) with additional rifles, aircraft, ships
extract Information Minister to address false press reports RAF has bombed 5 divisions of troops in France massing for invasion
extract Cabinet approves violating Swiss airspace in raids on N. Italy. Air Secretary: Necessary "to attack certain targets"
extract General Haining: Evacuation of our forces in British Somaliland complete with little loss. HMAS Hobart remaining in area
extract Cabinet express concern at ground losses of RAF aircraft, 40 destroyed at one aerodrome. Air Secretary to order inquiry
extract RAF report casualties today 22 machines lost (12 pilots saved). Enemy 126 confirmed, 26 probable and 13 downed by AA fire
person Anthony Eden
person Alexander Cadogan
person Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Walter Hines Page
person Kingsley Wood
person Bob Kerslake
person Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso
person Clement Attlee
person Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton
place Somaliland
place Moscow
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation New Zealand Treasury
 

Monday 30th September 1940

Meeting minutes

extract Cabinet to temporarily suspend Government evacuation of children overseas. Parents still permitted to arrange privately
extract Cabinet cancel upcoming Newmarket race meeting but agrees "restricted number of race meetings should continue"
extract Sir Stafford Cripps in Moscow to "sound" M. Molotov on Soviet reaction to the new Pact between Germany, Italy and Japan
extract War Secretary Eden to consider request that military authorities make soldiers available to help clear London's streets
person Anthony Eden
person Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Andrew Greenwood
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Stafford Cripps
person John Anderson (Australian politician)
person Clement Attlee
person Robert Craigie (diplomat)
place Egypt
place South Wales
place Moscow
place Liverpool
place Sudan
place East Anglia
organisation Home Office
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
organisation KEF
 

Wednesday 2nd October 1940

The Burma Road Agreement.

extract Halifax advises reopening Burma Road to China in 2 weeks: "More important than ever" that China war should be kept going
person Robert Craigie (diplomat)
person Chiang Kai-shek
place Great Britain
place Moscow
place Berlin
place Tokyo
place Republic of China
place Burma
place Rome
organisation United States Department of State
 

German-Italian-Japanese Treaty.

extract Halifax: Three Power Pact means UK "must show a solid front" with US in Far East even if Japan move "huge piece of bluff"
person Joseph Stalin
person Adolf Hitler
place Moscow
place Europe
place Republic of China
organisation Foreign Office (Germany)
 

Meeting minutes

extract PM Churchill: We are "straining every nerve" to counter night bombing. "The people of this country must stick it out."
extract Cabinet concerned civilians in London beginning to wonder if UK "hitting back hard enough at Germany" in bombing attacks
extract PM blocks moving more ships to protect NW Approaches. Intelligence German plans for invasion "still moving forward"
extract Admiralty: Sweep by HMS Ajax has sunk 3 Italian destroyers. Italian claims to have damaged one of our cruisers untrue
person Alexander Cadogan
person Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Herbert Morrison
person Stafford Cripps
person William Patrick Stuart-Houston
person Kingsley Wood
person Archibald Sinclair, 1st Viscount Thurso
person Andrew Duncan
place Russian Empire
place East Germany
place Cranborne
place Halifax Peninsula
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Gibraltar
place Berlin
place Northern Ireland
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation Home Office
organisation Royal Air Force
 

Sunday 10th November 1940

Assistance to China.

extract Halifax: General Chiang Kai-shek requests treaty of alliance with UK, USA and "concrete financial and economic help"
person Chiang Kai-shek
place Great Britain
place Moscow
place Hong Kong
place Singapore
place Shanghai
place Tokyo
place Republic of China
 

Saturday 1st March 1941

Possible revision of Italo-Yugoslav frontier in Istria.

extract Stafford Cripps suggests offering Yugoslavia Italian territory after the war to "intervene forcibly on behalf of Greece"
place Greece
place Belgrade
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Rome
 

Monday 7th April 1941

Meeting minutes

extract Cadogan: Looks as though a "show of force" might be necessary before the position in Iraq can be redressed
extract Cadogan: Our Ambassador at Budapest "told to leave as soon as possible". Yugoslav government has left Belgrade
extract General Haining: Germans moving into Yugoslavia advanced towards Skoplje and Stip yesterday against slight resistance
person Alexander Cadogan
person Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell
person George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan
person Stafford Cripps
person William Patrick Stuart-Houston
place Athens
place Cranborne
place Iraq
place Belgrade
place Hungary
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Basra
place Eritrea
place Addis Ababa
place Bulgaria
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
place Libya
 

Meeting minutes

extract Eden: "We should try to open up discussions with the Soviet Union", although I am "not very sanguine of good results"
extract Air Chief: In my view our bombers are "flying too low over Germany". Issuing orders to deal with this
person Stafford Cripps
person Francisco Franco
place East Germany
place Cranborne
place Iraq
place Madrid
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation Home Office
organisation RAF Coastal Command
 

Monday 16th June 1941

Meeting minutes

extract Stafford Cripps: In my judgement the Soviet Government will "go to considerable lengths to appease Hitler"
person George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan
person Stafford Cripps
person William Patrick Stuart-Houston
place Moscow
organisation German Army
 

Meeting minutes

extract Eden: Soviets ready to receive British Military Mission, provided we accept they will "give help as well as receive it"
extract General Dill: No information received from Russo-German front. Russian concentrations appear to be too far forward
extract Cabinet approves daylight bombing of industrial targets in Northern France. Air Chief to consider if warning to be given
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Herbert Morrison
person Duff Cooper
person Ronnie Campbell
person Stafford Cripps
place Finland
place Russian Empire
place Cranborne
place Moscow
place London, Ontario
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
organisation Parliament of the United Kingdom
organisation Morning Star (UK newspaper)
organisation Labour Party (UK)
 

Meeting minutes

extract Attlee to nominate representatives from industry for Mission to United States. "Very unfortunate" details leaked to Press
extract Eden: Russians have bombed Finnish aerodromes. Prospects of Finnish neutrality being maintained "not very bright"
extract Eden: Spanish government apologises, promises compensation for damage to British Embassy Madrid in "organised riot"
extract General Dill: "Stiff fighting in Syria". Damascus and Merjayoun now in our hands. Have advanced 10-12 miles toward Beirut
extract General Dill: No first-hand information from USSR. Germans making some progress but Old Russian frontier not yet reached
person Walter Hines Page
person Duff Cooper
person Walter Citrine, 1st Baron Citrine
person Sumner Welles
place Finland
place Cranborne
place Madrid
place Moscow
place Turkey
place Gibraltar
place London, Ontario
place Beirut
place Syria
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
place Madrid, New York
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
organisation Hopatcong High School
organisation House of Lords
 

Meeting minutes

extract Soviet Ambassador told UK with Russia "up to the hilt in all military and economic measures for the defeat of Germany"
extract Cabinet authorises Foreign Secretary Eden to telegraph terms for a cessation of hostilities in Syria
extract Eden: Of utmost importance Syria operation concluded as early as possible. Delay having unhappy effect on other countries
extract General Dill: Russian military position appears very grave although German air and land losses have been considerable
extract General Dill: Palmyra now completely surrounded. Further reinforcements being sent to Syria
extract Air Chief: Heavy losses of bombers over last week "due to phenomenal light conditions". PM: "Our attacks must continue"
person Claude Auchinleck
person Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell
person George Cadogan, 3rd Earl Cadogan
person Oliver Lyttelton, 1st Viscount Chandos
person John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley
person Charles de Gaulle
person Max Aitken, Lord Beaverbrook
person Walter Hines Page
place South Africa
place Murmansk
place East Germany
place Cranborne
place Iceland
place Moscow
place Cairo
place Turkey
place Syria
place Greenwood, Nova Scotia
place West Germany
organisation House of Commons of the United Kingdom
 

Friday 4th July 1941

Meeting minutes

extract PM: All defences to very highest state of anti-invasion efficiency by September 1st. "No vigilance should be relaxed"
extract General Dill: Russians do not seem to have lost confidence. Their latest type of fighter "doing well"
extract General Dill: Progress continues to be slow in Syria. Telegram sent to C-in-C Middle East urging "a quick decision"
extract Air Chief: During last two days we have made successful raids on shipping at Tripoli, during which five enemy vessels hit
person Anthony Eden
person Alexander Cadogan
person Hastings Ismay, 1st Baron Ismay
person Edward Bridges, 1st Baron Bridges
person Andrew Greenwood
place Moscow
place Syria
place Libya
organisation RAF Coastal Command